一直想找一些關(guān)于PHP加速的文章，偶然看到殺客的這篇文章，感覺不錯，分享給大家，再此感謝殺客。

一、PHP加速器介紹

??????? PHP加速器是一個為了提高PHP執(zhí)行效率，從而緩存起PHP的操作碼，這樣PHP后面執(zhí)行就不用解析轉(zhuǎn)換了，可以直接調(diào)用PHP操作碼，這樣速度上就提高了不少。

??????? Apache中使用mod_php的請求、響應(yīng)執(zhí)行流程：

　　1、Apache接收請求。
2、Apache傳遞請求給mod_php。
3、mod_php定位磁盤文件，并加載到內(nèi)存中。
4、mod_php編譯源代碼成為opcode樹。
5、mod_php執(zhí)行opcode樹。

?????? PHP加速器相應(yīng)的就是第四步，它的目的就是防止PHP每次請求都重復(fù)編譯PHP代碼，因為在高訪問量的網(wǎng)站上，大量的編譯往往沒有執(zhí)行速度快呢？所以這里面有個瓶頸就是PHP的重復(fù)編譯既影響了速度又加載了服務(wù)器負載，為了解決此問題，PHP加速器就這樣誕生了。

二、PHP加速器安裝與配置

??????? 1、安裝配置APC

???????????? APC全稱是Alternative PHP Cache,官方翻譯叫”可選PHP緩存”,它是PHP PECL中的一個擴展，好像是facebook在使用它，下面開始安裝（ubuntu環(huán)境）：?
$wget http://pecl.php.net/get/APC-3.0.19.tgz
$tar xvzf APC-3.0.19.tgz
$cd APC-3.0.19/APC-3.0.19
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-apc –enable-apc-mmap –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
$make
$sudo make install

下面我們再配置APC,因為我的PECL擴展路徑改變了，所以我得移動下編譯好的文件：
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/apc.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

然后我們再編輯php.ini文件進行配置，請把下面的代碼加入到php.ini中即可：
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL"
extension = apc.so
; APC
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_segments = 1
apc.shm_size = 64
apc.optimization = 1
apc.num_files_hint = 0
apc.ttl = 0
apc.gc_ttl = 3600
apc.cache_by_default = on

???? 這樣重啟apache就會在phpinfo()信息中顯示。

?????? 2、安裝配置eAccelerator

????????? eAccelerator的前身其實是truck-mmcache，因為開發(fā)truk-mmcache的人被Zend給招安了，所以開發(fā)eAccelerator的人繼承了truk-mmcache的一些特性，設(shè)計出eAccelerator加速器。安裝如下：
$wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
$tar -jxf eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
$cd eaccelerator-0.9.5
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
$make
$sudo make install
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

將下面代碼加入php.ini文件中
extension = eaccelerator.so
; eAccelerator
eaccelerator.shm_size = "16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir = "/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable = "1"
eaccelerator.optimizer = "1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime = "1"
eaccelerator.debug = "0"
eaccelerator.filter = ""
eaccelerator.shm_max = "0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl = "0"
eaccelerator.prune_period = "0"
eaccelerator.shm_only = "0"
eaccelerator.compress = "1"
eaccelerator.compress_level = "9"

創(chuàng)建緩存目錄,重啟apache

$sudo mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
$sudo chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator
$sudo /usr/local/apache/apachectl restart

在phpinfo()檢查是否安裝成功.

3、安裝配置XCache

XCache作為國人自己開發(fā)的東西，做小菜鳥的我也感到驕傲，而且XCache無論在速度還是性能上都做的不錯。下面就趕緊讓我們品嘗它吧！

$wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.2.2/xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
$tar xvzf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
$cd xcache-1.2.2
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-xcache –enable-xcache-coverager –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/php-config
$make
$sudo make install
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

在php.ini添加配置信息：

extension = xcache.so
; xcache
xcache.admin.user = "admin"
xcache.admin.pass = "(執(zhí)行) echo ’(你的密碼)’|md5sum(得出的密文)"
;
xcache.size = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 2
xcache.slots = 8k
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0

xcache.var_size = 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8k
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
;
xcache.coverager = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""

創(chuàng)建緩存目錄，重啟apache

$sudo mkdir /tmp/xcache
$sudo chmod 777 /tmp/xcache
$sudo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart

去查看phpinfo()信息吧！

三、PHP加速器測試

1、測試環(huán)境

硬件: AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 4400+ @ 2.2GHz CPU, 2GB 內(nèi)存. 160GB SATA 硬盤

軟件: Linux Ubuntu server Gutsy 7.10, Apache 2.2.4, MySQL 5.0.45 和 PHP 5.2.3

測試指令: ab -c5 -n3000 http://example.com/ (我們使用的是Apache Benchmark (ab) 工具，并發(fā)連接為5，3000次請求)

2、測試結(jié)果

無任何加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 288.255212 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 10.41 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 480.425 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 96.085 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 226.23 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.5 0 19
Processing: 181 479 186.0 444 1822
Waiting: 166 461 184.7 427 1708
Total: 181 479 186.0 444 1822
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 444
66% 525
75% 577
80% 619
90% 732
95% 819
98% 946
99% 1012
100% 1822 (longest request)

APC加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 98.530068 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 30.45 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 164.217 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 32.843 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 661.84 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 2
Processing: 58 163 71.2 155 2452
Waiting: 53 158 69.6 150 2329
Total: 58 163 71.2 155 2452
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 155
66% 178
75% 193
80% 204
90% 235
95% 258
98% 285
99% 302
100% 2452 (longest request)

eAccelerator加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 95.983986 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 31.26 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 159.973 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 31.995 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 679.39 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 3
Processing: 57 159 91.3 148 3830
Waiting: 50 152 89.8 142 3704
Total: 57 159 91.3 148 3830
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 148
66% 174
75% 193
80% 205
90% 239
95% 263
98% 289
99% 309
100% 3830 (longest request)

XCache加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 99.76300 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 30.28 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 165.127 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 33.025 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 658.19 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 2
Processing: 59 164 83.4 155 3367
Waiting: 52 156 66.4 148 1802
Total: 59 164 83.4 155 3367
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 155
66% 178
75% 196
80% 206
90% 237
95% 263
98% 287
99% 305
100% 3367 (longest request)

3、結(jié)果摘要

四、PHP加速器比較結(jié)果總結(jié)

???? 1、通過測試得出eAccelerator在請求時間和內(nèi)存占用綜合方面是最好的。

???? 2、通過測試得出使用加速器比無加速器在請求時間快了3倍左右。

???? 3、通過各個官方觀察，XCache是更新最快的，這也說明最有發(fā)展的。

??????? 以上是總結(jié)結(jié)果，你也許會問我到底用那個加速器好呢？我只能告訴你，首先，用一定比不用好，其次每個加速器還有一些可以調(diào)優(yōu)的參數(shù)，所以要根據(jù)你的系統(tǒng)環(huán)境而定，然后，我個人覺得你可以詳細研究下eAccelerator和XCache，這兩款潛力還是很大的，最后我從比較專業(yè)的測試網(wǎng)站搞了一張結(jié)果圖：

本文轉(zhuǎn)載自：http://killker.com/blog/?p=94